Trading conditions at our London hub remain firm.
General Electric, for example, recently chose Nairobi, Kenya's capital, as its sub-Saharan hub, copying firms such as Nestlé, Coca-Cola and Heineken.Used to being top dog in almost everything in Africa, South Africa has been slipping down the league tables.
That causes pain in local hubs: chemical firms employ 50,000 workers in the north-west of England, according to UK Trade and Investment, a government body.One possible cause of the chemical crash is a failure to invest.
There is already a thriving hub of technical firms around Aberdeen.
Despite the growing number of ecosystems playing a role in venture decisions, the dominant incumbent startup hubs hold a firm grip on the majority of capital deployed.
Increasingly in recent years the Big Apple has become an active hub for tech firms, with many new companies and their venture capital supporters locating there rather than Silicon Valley.
Two firms compete for customers in a Stackelberg framework where the leader firm locates hub arcs to maximize its revenue, given that the follower firm will subsequently locate its own hub arcs to maximize its own revenue.
(Another crowdfunding firm, RocketHub, screens out only projects it deems illegal or in bad taste).
A sluggish domestic economy and a debt crisis in Europe continue to create problems in the nation's financial hub, as Wall Street firms prepare to cut thousands of jobs in New York City.
Israel has more start-ups per head than any other country (a total of 3,850, or one for every 1,844 Israelis), and more companies listed on the NASDAQ exchange, a hub for fledgling technology firms, than China and India combined.
