Four different stratospheric heights: 10 hPa, 30 hPa, 50 hPa, and 70 hPa were analyzed.
(l o) Significant air temperature anomalies (°C) at 1000 hPa, 850 hPa, 500 hPa and 300 hPa during TYPE2 cold wave events.
(h k) Significant air temperature anomalies (°C) at 1000 hPa, 850 hPa, 500 hPa and 300 hPa respectively during TYPE1 events.
(b,c and d) same as (a) but for significant eddy streamfunction (×106 m2 shadedhated) at 200 hPa, 500 hPa and 850 hPa levels respectively.
During TYPE1 events, composite air temperature anomalies at 1000 hPa, 850 hPa, 500 hPa and 300 hPa levels (Fig. 1h k) show that over the northern parts of India colder than normal air is confined to about 850 hPa while warmer air prevails at 500 hPa and above.
The mean OBP shows anomalies from a reference depth: TM1 for 156400 hPa, TM2 for 95400 hPa, MPG1 for 228900 hPa, MPG2 for 150700 hPa, KPG1 for 222600 hPa, and KPG2 for 218100 hPa.
Furthermore, the target meteorological elements F0, whose error degrees are estimated, and other elements used to calculate features for the estimation are shown in Table 1, where multiple isopiestic surfaces represent those of 1,000 hPa, 950 hPa, 925 hPa, 850 hPa, 700 hPa, 500 hPa, and 300 hPa.
Additionally, its barometric pressure reached 992 mbar (hPa; 29.29 inHg).
A recon flight reported a minimum pressure of 948 mbar (hPa; 28.00 inHg), a drop of 40 mbar (hPa; 1.18 inHg) from the previous day.
Around this time, reconnaissance aircraft reported a minimum central pressure of 945 mbar (hPa; 27.90 inHg).
