Five seconds of hot pain (HP) stimulation at individually determined HP thresholds were delivered to the subject's testing sites and the corresponding pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded.
With regard to the internationally required HP-threshold level and the defined confidence (Table 1), the pre-SPF from infection was derived directly from the HP's cumulative probability distribution as the proportion of the sampled values that lay beyond the threshold HP.
For patients with leukocyte levels below this threshold, HP expression can be assessed on the tertiary level for the risk of sepsis (Fig. 8c; specificity = 0.9657; negative predictive value = 0.9174; positive predictive value = 0.6428; AUC = 0.8219).
Cooling detection thresholds (CDTs), heat pain minimal threshold (HP-VAS0.5), and heat pain intermediate threshold (HP-VAS5.0) were evaluated on the dorsum of the left foot using a CASE IV system (WR Medical Electronics, Stillwater, MN) (12).
Baseline thermal threshold and HP VAS measurements were repeated at each testing site immediately (Post-0), as well as 30 minutes (Post-30) and 60 minutes (Post-60) after each EA session.
A four-factor repeat measures ANOVA was used to assess the effect of stimulation duration, time, location (thigh vs. calf) and side (ipsilateral vs. contralateral) of EA on sensory thresholds and HP VAS scores.
Moreover, not only average size of HPs increased with increasing the threshold, but also variation in size was higher for wider tolerance intervals, also in all analyzed variants.
Four modalities are tested: cold and warm sensation (CS and WS) and cold and heat pain detection thresholds (CP and HP).
According HP genotypes, individuals were allocated into the HP /HP, HP /HP, and HP /HP groups.
During the last 10 seconds of each EA session, 5 seconds of subject-specific HP stimulation at the pre-EA threshold were delivered to the left calf testing site.
As shown in Table 2, the area of HPs increased for wider thresholds.
