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Harvard researchers are studying the echidna, which shares many anatomical features with mammal ancestors, to better understand how extinct species used their limbs.
That correlation gives a new way to check how extinct species may have moved, an issue that is sometimes controversial.
Paleontologists have long wondered how extinct saber-toothed cats like Smilodon used their lengthy fangs when tackling and chewing prey.
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WORKING out how an extinct animal behaved when it was alive is tricky.
After digging up fossils, paleontologists try to figure out how the extinct animals are related to each other by comparing the shapes of bones and teeth.
McCay consulted with New York museum staff to ensure the accuracy of Gertie's movements; the staff were unable to help him find out how an extinct animal would stand up from a lying position, so in a scene in which Gertie stood up, McCay had a flying lizard come on screen to draw away viewers' attention.
PALAEOETHOLOGY, working out how long-extinct animals behaved, is a subject whose practitioners can never, definitively, be proved right.
That's certainly a rarity in the fossil record and this kind of information is really useful to build up a picture of how these extinct animals lived, and died, and their interactions with one another.
The study of ecological niches speaks to students' natural curiosity about how long extinct animals lived.
"The proportion of living birds that we know are missing from the fossil record gives you an idea of how many extinct species are [also] missing," Duncan says.
This kind of sophisticated ecological modeling is an important way of nailing down the details of how many extinct species have yet to be discovered, says conservation biologist Stuart Pimm of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, who was not involved with the study.
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