The results generated raise awareness of issues among farm households reporting disability.
Single mothers with children were the most vulnerable to the problem, with nearly 30percentt of such households reporting food insecurity.
Children in households reporting the receipt of free or reduced-price school meals through the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) are more likely to have negative health outcomes than observationally similar nonparticipants.
The share of households reporting any debt declined by 2.1 percentage points over the last three years, but 74.9 percent of households still owed something, and the median amount did not change.
Overall, the proportion of households reporting income from the wildlife associations and campsites (which were the main wildlife-based initiatives at the time) dropped from 55%to41%1%.
By October 2011, the proportion of households reporting sending animals away during both the wet and dry seasons was over 50%.
A significant geographic cluster of households reporting circling disease as a key concern for livestock health was identified in the more arid northern study division.
When examining asset ownership, households reporting a zero or negative value for a particular asset are coded with a zero to reflect lack of ownership of the asset in question.
Sixty percent of households reporting cases of human diarrhoea also had diarrhoea detected later in their calf herds, and calf herds shedding Cryptosporidium oocysts were six times more likely to be diarrhoeic.
Among the surveyed households reporting visits to a health centre (n = 34), diarrhoea emerged as the third most frequent symptomatic cause for visitation (9 %), behind fevers (44%%, 15/34) and malaria (24%%, 8/34).
Even with the small sample of households, spatial analyses identified a significant geographic cluster of households reporting circling disease as a critical concern for livestock health in Pawaga (P < 0.001, Figure 3).
