More precisely our problem is to generate a set of households comprising individuals taken in a distribution of age of the population, and which respect all the constraints we found in the data about the distributions of: sizes and types of households, ages of the head of the household, differences of age between partners, ages of children according to mother's age.
We use the 'mean' value to investigate between household differences (traditional (or contextual) multilevel modelling), and the 'difference from the mean' value to investigate within- household differences (an individual-level social capital measure (a compositional effect) now not confounded by shared environmental factors- our family-based design).
69 Assuming that confounding variables do not change over time, this approach enables reasonable control for confounding, as household differences affecting the postintervention outcome measures should also affect the baseline measures of the same outcomes.
This between-household difference could be a function of genetic factors because traditional Bangladeshi households are organized along paternal bloodlines where males remain in the household after marriage.
Among households below the poverty line, the mortality rate from conditions covered by the scheme was 0.32% in eligible households compared with 0.90% in ineligible households (difference of 0.58 percentage points, 95% confidence interval 0.40 to 0.75; P<0.001; 64% risk reduction).
The consumer can select between different quality levels, leading to different unit values among households; differences in unit values can be attributed to quality and price variations (Chung et al. [2005]).
Case study evidence from an agro-pastoral community of southern Mali's cotton zone showed that "home" and "bush" fields differed significantly in nutrient balances and soil fertility status but that inter-household differences related to household practice and social factors were even more important.
The LVI shows the inter-household differences in terms of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity.
The study provides unique evidence on intra-household differences when it comes to the built environment and travel behavior connection.
Overlooking intra-household differences may lead to inequitable and/or inefficient urban planning and transportation policy decisions in the context of Chinese cities.
As indicated below (Table 2), there were, however, large inter-household differences in the number of livestock species in all the villages across the two regions, with none owning sheep.
