Refinement refers to efforts to minimize pain and suffering of test animals, taking into consideration animal handling and surgical procedures, housing environment and living conditions, and improvements in animal husbandry.
The vote came as the House debated a $101.1 billion bill for veterans, housing, environment and space programs for the 2001 fiscal year, which begins Oct. 1.
Animals were singly-housed in stainless-steel wire-mesh cages, the housing environment maintaining a 12-hour light/dark cycle (with lights on at 7 00 am) and temperature and relative humidity of 21 ± 1°C and 50 ± 10% respectively.
Three Type 1 IFN-inducible genes (IFRD1, OAS1 and IFIT2) were increased in indoor-housed animals compared to outdoor-housed animals, indicating that the IFNα/β pathway is directly affected by the housing environment.
"He made significant consolidations in those agencies he directly oversaw, like housing, environment and transportation," says Kerry Healey, his former lieutenant governor.
"Horseman's Hollow," an interactive haunted house environment, is populated with 42 professional actors enhanced by elaborate costumes and sets, special effects and dramatic lighting.
From the moment you walk into the theatre, you have the sense that you're in a disturbing fun-house environment.
What a shocking waste of lives and manpower when so much needs to be done – housing, environment, education, health services, for a start.
We know that the housing environment has shifted dramatically over the past few years, and we also know it is set to shift further over the next few.
This brings together Angels and VCs from across Europe in a hot-house environment.
The desired aspects of housing environment also involved a pleasant environment which improves human vitality.
