Weight hour space velocity.
Various reaction parameters like temperature, weight hour space velocity (WHSV), Ni loading and time on stream were also studied.
At optimum conditions (temperature of 25 °C, acetone-to-glycerol molar ratio of 4 and weight hour space velocity of 2 h−1) the maximum yield was obtained at 94 ± 2%.
The catalytic oxidation was conducted with a BTX concentration ranging from 640 to 2000 ppmv in air at volume hour space velocity (VHSV) of approximately 21 000 h−1.
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Subsequently, the liquid-phase sulfidation conditions were set: liquid hour space velocity (LHSV) of 2.4 h−1; H2/oil volume ratio of 300 N L/L and 30 barg of hydrogen.
Catalysts Ni/CAx and Rh/CAx reach equilibrium conversion in steam reforming of CH4 at temperatures as low as 460°C and 480°C respectively and gas hour space velocity (GHSV) 25,000 that is 10 times that of a typical commercial reformer.
After finishing the sulfidation process, the feedstock was switched at 220 °C and the reaction pressure (35 barg), temperature (340 °C), liquid hour space velocity (1.2 h−1) and H2/oil volume ratio (250 N L/L) were adjusted to the reaction condition.
Briefly, after finishing the sulfidation process, the feedstock was switched at 220 °C and the desirable reaction pressure and temperature (340 °C), liquid hour space velocity (0.6 1.2 h−1) and H2/oil volume ratio (400 N L/L).
The liquid-phase presulfiding or sulfidation was carried out at a liquid hour space velocity (LHSV) of 7.2 h−1 (or 1.2 h−1); H2/oil volume ratio of 250 N m3 MPa; 3.5 MPa of hydrogen and 340 350 °C.
The catalysts were tested on parallel at 50 barg, 400 NL/L, 340 °C and liquid hour space velocity (LHSV) of using a model feed and gas oil as feedstocks to compare the feed effect on the catalyst performance.
