This educational profile bares notable resemblance to that of the natives residing in the hosting regions.
As a result, we label the hosting regions as the "treatment area," while the surrounding regions are called the "control area".
The surrounding regions are quite similar to the hosting regions in terms of cultural background, social norms and attitudes, level of economic development, and labor market characteristics.
Yet the fact that the Rio summit is happening at all is something of an accomplishment for the host region.
We argue that knowledge protection intensity is determined by MNC subsidiary mandates and by opportunities and risks originating from the host region.
To guarantee the deformation compatibility and proper stress transmission between concrete and rebar, the reinforcement was embedded into the concrete section (host region).
The framework developed comprises two main elements: an inventory of the global private and social benefits which might result from any R&D project; and, an assessment of the share of these global benefits which might accrue to a host region, taking into account the characteristics of the R&D project and the region's innovation system.
The empirical evidence collected in this research shows that technology transfer derived from FDI may impact diverse actors of the host region (local firms, universities, research centres, industry associations), but also that its occurrence is neither automatic nor homogenous across regions.
In general, according to a University of Michigan study, ventures nurtured in university-based incubators have an average five-year survival rate of 75%, much higher than the recent national average of 47%, and create jobs that tend to remain in the host region.
We calculated the odds ratio (OR) for each of the covariates (host, region and year) being reported as a reassortant.
