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Hostile challenges to intellectual enterprises such as universities and the people who practice science within them are hugely detrimental to our ability to make rational, evidence-based decisions in free societies.
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However, workers know such a move would be considered as a hostile challenge by employers, which may result in punishments, reduction in wages, non-renewal of contracts, false accusations or ultimately deportation.
South Korea's new President Park Geun-hye had pledged to engage the North if it dropped its nuclear plans but now faces the prospect of a hostile challenge early in her five-year term.
The reaction of the biomedical research establishment to such vocal and organized forms of public participation has ranged from paternalistic to hostile, seeing challenges to the authority of the establishment as attacks on the integrity of scientific research and medical practice.
In Melbourne, more than a dozen smaller courts operate with no electronic replay systems, so chair umpires and line judges often face hostile players challenging their calls.
Liberal Democrats have not said how they will vote in the debate, but it would be regarded by Conservatives as very hostile to challenge Cameron's decision on disciplining one of his senior ministers.
A senior Israeli defense official, Yossi Kuperwasser, said that in Gaza, Israel was facing a "hostile governing element challenged by an even more hostile element" and that "radical Islamic groups are competing with each other over who is more radical".
But whether Kevin Rudd transforms Labor's prospects at the election depends on whether he can re-unite a fractured party that he helped divide, re-connect with a hostile electorate and challenge a rampant opposition.
TECHNOLOGY Correction: October 7, 2004, Thursday An article in Business Day on Monday about Oracle's request to a Delaware court to void a corporate anti-takeover measure, or "poison pill," at PeopleSoft misidentified a company that initiated an earlier hostile takeover and challenged the anti-takeover actions in court.
Safe and reliable design and operation of fixed and floating marine structures often located in remote and hostile environments is challenging.
Time and time again, our regulatory structure proves hostile to innovation challenging the status quo; attempting to regulate this technology by drawing legitimacy from laws old enough to remember the Model-T.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com