Encouraged by these advances, research groups across the world would take up the challenge of secondary metabolite production in simple hosts with renewed vigor, thereby adding to the range of products synthesized using metabolic engineering.
Across the country, universities have been investing in their host communities with renewed vigor, particularly when those communities are less idyllic than, say, Hanover, N.H. or Williamstown, Mass.
However, it is hard to control vigor of host cells which has not a quantitative index.
It should be pointed out that the vigor of host cells and the purity of plasmid have crucial effect on the transfection efficiency too.
Females heterozygous for the bkbwg region show strong preference for Protocalliphora hosts with only minimal signs of reduced vigor, suggesting that a host preference effect is present in the region independent of any hybrid viability effects.
Because we wanted to evaluate the endophyte impact in relation to host genetic background, specifically hybrid vigor promoted by gene flow, relative reproductive success was evaluated only in control situations (without herbicide) where plant density was not modified.
Several factors have significant effects on the transfection efficiency of cationic liposomes, such as vigor of the host cells, the amount of plasmid, the amount of transfection agent, and the density of cells.
We propose that gene flow by pollen, as it naturally occurs, is a fitness trait because it benefits the host plant population by injecting hybrid vigor and provides raw material to the symbiotum for contemporary evolution.
He speaks in shirt-sleeves without a tie, holding a microphone in one hand and strolling in front of the crowd without a lectern or notes, his Tennessee accent seemingly stronger than ever, calling on members of the audience and eliciting their tales with the charm and vigor of a talk show host.
Hearing that a guest would soon arrive, a disabled, older woman promptly began sweeping the dirt floors of her dwelling, roused to vigor by the prospect of hosting a guest.
