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Differences in host variety among clover lines influence the effectiveness of the symbiosis (Hagedorn and Caldwell 1981; Sherwood and Masterson 1974).
Further decomposition of this covariance revealed a very strong host variety contribution.
For more detailed analysis, we decomposed the variance into contributions from host variety and pathotype.
Cofactors were represented by pathotype identity, isolate nested within pathotype, host variety or isolate by variety combination.
Similarly, there also was a significant higher-order interaction between covariate, pathotype and host variety in the ancova (Table 4).
That is, the rank order of pathogen isolates or pathotypes along the trade-off changed with host variety.
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In turn, a novel parasite attack mechanism decreases host fitness, thus favoring host varieties with new counter-defenses.
First, our study demonstrates substantial fitness costs of single virulence genes on different host varieties under field conditions.
Orseolia oryzae DAD1 (OoDAD1) was isolated from a cDNA library generated from maggots feeding on susceptible and resistant host varieties [ 21].
We also found variation in sign and strength of genetic correlations for the pathogen, when measured on different host varieties.
Finally, our results have potential implications for the choice of host varieties by plant breeders or farmers.
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