True, for nonviolence to have an effect, the host society must subscribe to an ethical view.
The main reason for this success was an immigration regime that allowed Asian and black people to become part of the host society, and influence and change it.
That would seem to mean that half of new migrants are marrying into their host society and the other half (presumably) into their own communities.
In Britain, the Netherlands, Australia and many other countries, those applying for citizenship are expected to demonstrate their knowledge of their host society by passing an exam.
Caldwell reverses the conventional argument, which says that if immigration has been a relative failure it is because the host society has been too hostile and unaccommodating.
'Network source' measures the difference between homeland and host society sources of support.
Clearly, as the cultural distance between the source society and host society increases, the immigrant's need to invest more effort to integrate into the host society also increases; thus, the relative cost, α, increases.
Specifically, we investigate potential effects of three factors: integration into the host society, emigrant networks, and destination characteristics.
Knowledge about the host society makes them more confident about adjusting their lives to the new country.
Given the limited interactions of the migrants with the host society, their norms and practices are therefore mainly unaltered.
This historical background reflects the socioeconomic position of these groups and their cultural distance from the host society.
