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The comparisons shown in Figure 3 clearly indicate that the differences in population dynamics are not changed qualitatively by host rate heterogeneity.
Perpetuation of nonpersistent viruses requires minimum population sizes large enough to sustain chains of transmission, which is dependent on duration of infectivity, seasonality of infections, duration of immunity, generation time of the virus and host, rate of population turnover (7, 8 ), and degree of fragmentation of populations.
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Selection will act differently depending on the interaction among factors such as the mode of transmission, speed of kill (virulence), free-living pathogen persistence time and within-host rate of replication.
If within-host HCV evolution is faster at the start of chronic infection (possibly due to adaptation to the new host; [ 41]) then the long-term among-host rate of evolution will depend to some extent on the rate of transmission [ 24].
Thus, host metabolic rate influences the rate of pathogenesis since the ability of a pathogen to invade and replicate within a host may be driven by physiological rates and times of the host.
Mean weekly blood feeding rates were used for the host feeding rate variable (h).
With constant host birth rate b h and parasite death rate d p, inserting the host parasite interactions Eqs.
We will choose the host birth rate b h and parasite death rate d p in two distinct ways.
Chi-square test was used to compare feeding preference (successful host-selecting rate) to two host species among parasitoids, and to larvae vs. pupae of each species.
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