Such an observation suggests that the process of seizing control of the host cell goes through well established interaction paths.
The bactericidal role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the Mtb-infected host is well established.
Associations of non-vascular epiphytes with host species are well established (e.g. Barkman 1958 and references therein, Gauslaa 1985; Palmer 1986; Loppi and Frati 2004).
Since we found a strong correlation between the number of shared targeting viral proteins and pathways the underlying host proteins co-appear in, the virus potentially tailored its surface to attack the host cell along well established functional pathways.
Transmission of MRSA from colonized hands and environmental surfaces to new hosts is well established [ 28, 29].
The role of wildlife as natural reservoirs for Borrelia spp. (particularly rodents, warthogs, or other mammalian hosts) is well established; most relapsing fevers rarely affect humans (13, 28 ).
The role of livestock as hosts is not well established; however, a recent case report described equine abortion associated with a spirochete resembling B. parkeri and B. turicatae (29 ).
The notion that bacteria can signal each other and coordinate their assault patterns against susceptible hosts is now well established.
Backing the burgeoning company are a host of well-established angel investors in the region.
Specifically, local broadcasters compete with Cable TV, Satellite and a host of well-established online streaming sites for video and music – think Netflix, Sling, Apple TV, Google's YouTube, HBO Now, Amazon Prime, Hulu, Sirius, Pandora, Spotify and others – yet none of these rivals face similar restrictions on media cross-ownership.
