C.F.S. is debilitating to those who suffer it, but while research has identified a host of physical abnormalities in patients, the cause of the disease has proved elusive.
Spinal cord defects and a host of genetic abnormalities such as Down syndrome and autosomal recessive diseases such as Tay-Sachs disease and cystic fibrosis can be screened for by amniocentesis.
These environmental influences create a chronic energy imbalance that leads to persistent weight gain in the form of body fat and a host of other abnormalities in metabolic homeostasis.
Additionally, since ADA is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues of the body, ADA-SCID patients suffer from a host of other abnormalities affecting the skeleton, GI tract, lung, liver and nervous system.
17, 18 Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons, with consequent motor impairment as well as DVMN dysfunction, which results in a host of autonomic abnormalities.
Loss-of-function mutations that do not cause RTT produce a host of neuropsychiatric abnormalities in both males (e.g., mental retardation, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, PPM-X syndrome) [ 30, 33– 36] and females (e.g., atypical RTT, mental retardation, Angelman-like syndrome, autism) [ 37– 41].
Our results potentially provide a mechanism for the genesis of a host of common sporadic congenital abnormalities through gene-environment interaction.
Another study of an even smaller sample (n = 50) examined a host of MRI determined structural abnormalities in a region-specific manner, but did not provide any regional prevalence data [ 14].
A host of developmental and reproductive abnormalities in many species, including humans (Guillette et al. 1995; McLachlan 2001; Tyler et al. 1998), result from exposure to estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs).
Uterine artery ligation results in placental insufficiency and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). 1 Animal models have demonstrated that this insult is associated with a host of metabolic and haemodynamic abnormalities 2 and pathological outcomes are seen within respiratory, 3 cardiac, 4 renal, 5 vascular, 6 muscular, 7 pancreatic, 8 and neurological 9– 12 development.
