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Our hypothesis rested on the assumption that this variation was due to geographic or host isolation and that this would probably be best interpreted at the varietal level, as reported previously amongst the 'Cordyceps' species associated with ants [2], [8], [9], [10].
Further, sequences with the same animal host, isolation location, and isolation year were stratified by random sampling.
Extreme genome reduction has been observed in obligate intracellular insect mutualists and is an assumed consequence of fixed, long-term host isolation.
Strain name, sequence type based on MLST (ST), species, host, isolation location, isolation year, complex based on MLST [ 4], and references for each strain are summarized.
Castillo-Chavez et al. [ 53] established that age-structure and cross-immunity generate sustained oscillations in a two-strain SIR model while Nuño et al. [ 66] showed that host isolation and cross-immunity lead to periodic epidemic outbreaks.
In addition, 'probable' aspergillosis requires the presence of risk factors in the host, isolation of an Aspergillus sp. and suggestive clinical or radiological findings; 'possible' aspergillosis requires the presence of risk factors in the host and isolation of an Aspergillus sp., or suggestive clinical and radiological findings [ 5].
Similar(54)
Consequently, the influence on the process of interventions based on conventional restrictions of antibiotic use or hosts' isolation procedures might not be successful beyond the red line, forcing us to explore the possibilities of other type of interventions (Baquero et al. 2011; Laxminarayan et al. 2013; Fowler et al. 2014) necessarily applied within the frame of global ecological improvements.
Finally, such host-isolation could act as an ecological isolating barrier to limit recombination between differentially adapted pathogenic strains.
In the host worker isolation control experiment, CHC concentration did not decrease after isolation, instead it increased in two colonies (additional file 7: Worker control experiment).
The diversity observed among repertoires in pathovar allii could not be associated with either the genetic diversity or the known host of isolation [ 33] (See additional file 2: Table A2 for the list of host of isolation of each bacterial strain).
In contrast, sequences of the HMG region of MAT1-2 were substantially more variable, revealing seven well-supported clades that correlated to host of isolation.
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