To do so, Rev oligomerizes cooperatively onto an RNA motif, the Rev response element (RRE), forming a complex that engages with the host nuclear export machinery.
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In addition to MHC I, ORFV infection also interferes with the surface expression of the transferrin receptor (TfR, CD71) (data not shown), which suggests that the ORFV-induced reduction of MHC I-antigen presentation is mediated by subversion of the host cell export machinery and not via specific targeting of MHC I molecules.
Here we provide the first view of an assembled HIV-host nuclear export complex using single-particle electron microscopy.
We changed the sentence to indicate that this represents "a view of an assembled HIV-host nuclear export complex".
Recently, a novel exosome-based pathway was identified as a general mechanism of protein secretion by Leishmania that is involved in pathogen-to-host communication and export of exosomal cargo into host macrophages [ 59].
To establish infection in the host, malaria parasites export remodeling and virulence proteins into the erythrocyte.
This IcmF-associated (IAHP) cluster has been associated with mediation of host interactions, via export of effector proteins that lack signal sequences [ 53].
This motif, known as the host targeting Plasmodium export element (HT/PEXEL), directs Plasmodium or Toxoplasma proteins into host cells to remodel their cytoskeleton, establishes infection, and promotes parasite survival [ 95, 96].
In particular, ABC and MFS transporters are the major families involved [ 54- 56] as they are required to export host-specific toxins (HSTs) and mycotoxins [ 57- 59], remove inhibitory defense compounds such as phytoalexins produced by the host plant [ 60], and confer resistance to fungicides [ 61].
