It has been suggested that independent evolution of lineages may be demarcated by food plant differentiation, facilitating the development of host races or host differentiated species [ 27, 28].
However, studies by two independent groups demonstrated that murine CD4+ T cells specific for TRP-1, upon adoptive transfer into a lymphopenic host, differentiated into cytolytic, IFN-γ secreting effectors [11], [14] that directly killed MHC class II-positive B16 melanoma cells [11].
Girardoz et al. (2007b) suggested the possible existence of cryptic host-differentiated races or sibling species of the wasp, based on the observation of high parasitism of P. saulius on the plane leaf miner Phyllonorycter platani, while P. saulius was totally absent from sympatric populations of C. ohridella in Switzerland.
Population genetic analyses of O. longicaudatus are largely congruent with those reported for ANDV, with the host primarily differentiated according to three defined ecoregions, Mediterranean, Valdivian rain forest and North Patagonian rain forest.
Members of the IRLC group form indeterminate nodules with persistent meristems, whereas a subset of these legumes, including Medicago ssp., host terminally differentiated bacteroids (Mergaert et al. 2006).
Mediated by NCRs with antimicrobial function (Van de Velde et al. 2010), most IRLC legumes host terminally differentiated bacteroids that have undergone genome endoreduplication and lost the ability to replicate.
Furthermore, LPs were not detected in Trifolium and Pisum, which are even more closely related to Medicago and also host terminally differentiated rhizobia.
In control (wildtype donor to wildtype host) transplants, differentiated cardiomyocytes were evident in 19% of host embryos, in agreement with previously published work (Scott et al., 2007; Thomas et al., 2008; Fig. 3A,E).
However, precision in the attribution of C. jejuni may be less than that of Salmonella, in which different animal and bird species appear to host more differentiated populations (3 ).
(i) East Turkey hosts largely differentiated and long-term divergent populations.
This shows that foam hosts a differentiated population of air bubbles (a high value of coefficient of variation ν, Table 5) and foam supplemented with xanthan gum significantly differs from the pure egg white foam (row 1, Table 5).
