The_Donald, in particular, proved a fecund host cell for viral memes.
Viruses are quintessential parasites; they depend on the host cell for almost all of their life-sustaining functions.
As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses are completely dependent upon a host cell for their replication.
Pichia pastoris is an important host cell for the heterologous expression of recombinant proteins.
The ribosome is the macromolecular machinery in the host cell for which all viruses have to compete.
The yeast Pichia pastoris is used extensively as the host cell for large-scale production of secreted recombinant proteins.
Escherichia coli is widely used as a host cell for synthesis of valuable macromolecular products such as recombinant proteins.
Being obligate intracellular parasites, viruses are dependent on the metabolic pathways of the host cell for their replication.
As parasites that depend on a host cell for survival, they don't seem to have fully earned the stripes of a living organism.
One approach to engineering biohydrogen production in bacteria is the production of non-native hydrogenase activity in a host cell, for example Escherichia coli.
These "small replicons"—viruses and plasmids are essentially strands of nucleic acid with a protein coat that depend entirely on the host cell for their continual existence.
