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These risk factors may operate through long-term effects on sex hormone levels in premenopausal women (MacMahon et al, 1982), through changes in the duration rather than the level of exposure to premenopausal sex hormones (Key and Pike, 1988), by hormonally mediated long-lasting changes in breast structure (Russo et al, 2005) or by other mechanisms.
That spironolactone administration can induce breast enlargement when ingested in high doses is well documented, and although the mechanism remains uncertain, it does appear to be hormonally mediated, i.e., an induced end result of an imbalance in the functionally mediated ratio of estradiol/testosterone.
Still, for all the theories about false pregnancy's origins in the subconscious, biological studies suggest it may be in part hormonally mediated as well.
It suggests that biological effect of MF exposure on germ cell apoptosis may not be hormonally mediated.
Confirmation of these findings could provide evidence that pregnancy characteristics influence breast cancer risk through hormonally mediated changes in the structure of the breast.
We conclude with suggestions for future studies that integrate the evolutionary theory of genomic conflicts with health applications, especially for hormonally mediated traits.
Similar(19)
The influence of the central catecholamine neurons involved in the development of DOCA-salt hypertension might be mediated neurally via nonadrenergic pathways or hormonally via the brain-pituitary-endocrine system.
Specifically, hormones regulating oocyte proliferation and ovulation have strong environmental sensitivity, and hormonally-mediated changes in gene expression as a result of prior breeding experience, changes in photoperiod, food, mate familiarity, or ambient temperature are often documented [ 35- 39].
Farwell, A. P., Lynch, R. M., Okulicz, W. C., Comi, A. M. & Leonard, J. L. The actin cytoskeleton mediates the hormonally regulated translocation of type II iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase in astrocytes.
Our findings support a role for the astrocyte and posttranscriptional regulation in hormonally-mediated attenuation of EAE.
Mammary epithelial cells surround the lumen of mammary gland alveoli into which milk components are secreted, pooled and eventually released in a hormonally-mediated manner.
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