Sentence examples for horizontal transmissions from inspiring English sources

This paper formulated an epidemic model for the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases with both vertical and horizontal transmissions with treatment strategy.

Horizontal transmissions or horizontal transfers (HTs) of mobile elements are usually recognized by the presence of very closely related mobile elements in distant host taxa [ 29- 33].

Alternatively, the symbionts may undergo regular or occasional horizontal transmissions between hosts and at that time encounter opportunities for recombination between strains.

Indeed, we should note that if loss of Wolbachia infection occurs as commonly as our data suggest, then we likely have underestimated the number of invasions or horizontal transmissions of Wolbachia.

It has been suggested that, since obligate intracellular parasitic microbes change their hosts more frequently than strictly vertically transmitted symbiotic microbes, parasites enjoy recombination among different colonies during horizontal transmissions [ 22].

Interestingly however, strains included in group "X" and ST28 (mcyST11) in group A show discordant phylogenetic placements between groups A and B in the mcy phylogeny depending on the mcy loci used, suggesting that these strains represent the consequence of intergroup horizontal transmissions of mcy genes followed by recombination.

However, these are restricted to horizontal transmission among neighboring plants16.

Supplementary Figure 3 cde-1 mutants show horizontal transmission of OrV infection.

Horizontal transmission of CpGV was assayed using detached apples.

Analysis of acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa gastrointestinal mucosal colonization and horizontal transmission in a murine model.

Fichet-Calvet, E., Becker-Ziaja, B., Koivogui, L. & Gunther, S. Lassa serology in natural populations of rodents and horizontal transmission.