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Considering access priority, two general scenarios can be distinguished; vertical sharing (VS) where the spectrum of the systems is shared at different priority levels, for example, in the spectrum pooling approach [13], and horizontal sharing (HS) where the spectrum of the systems is shared with equal priority, for example, in wireless local area networks (WLAN).
Other Thermotogales species have a third mal operon that is more closely related to the bacterial Thermococcales mal operons, but the data do not support a recent horizontal sharing of that operon between these groups.
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Beyond traditional hierarchies and contracts, networks and social and external collaborations will make leadership more horizontal, shared, and collective.
For example, you can implement horizontal shared services models in HR internally, while also transforming your supply chain into a constellation.
A "horizontal" share — in which the lender would suffer the first 5 percent of losses — has some advocates.
We consider a co-primary or horizontal spectrum sharing communication model with N op operators, where all the operators have equal right to access the spectrum.
This is a common element within enclaves, as they make use of the vertical and horizontal integration by sharing contacts within the chains of production and supply (Werbner 1990 , 2001.
We contend that the most appropriate way forward towards the management of both diseases is designing and implementing management strategies that, on the one hand, are preventive of disease epidemics, and, on the other hand, foster horizontal information sharing, learning and collective action among the local actors in the system.
In addition, we assume that there are no horizontal information sharing and no horizontal information leakage between retailers.
Ensure vertical consultation within competent authorities, as well as horizontal information sharing among competent authorities at PoE when faced by an immediate risk.
Guilds were added to facilitate experience sharing for horizontal topics of interest that are at a higher level than a specific competency.
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