High rates of serodiscordancy (50%) coupled with recent data demonstrating that 30% of these discordant couples had a child after discovering their serostatus, and that over half of pregnancies among PLHA are planned, highlight the potential risks for both horizontal (from partner to partner), as well as vertical (from mother to child) transmission.
Instead of endless debate about the comparative advantages of vertical and horizontal approaches, partners should focus on the best ways for investments in response to HIV to also broadly strengthen the health system.
Instead of endless debate about the comparative advantages of vertical and horizontal approaches, partners should focus on the best ways for investments in response to HIV to also broadly strengthen the primary health care systems.
For example, Brazil promotes horizontal cooperation in which partners work as equals to achieve mutually agreed development goals (Quadir 2013 324).
Engaging couples early and repeatedly in SCC has the potential to increase proper use of SCM that might reduce horizontal transmission to uninfected partners, and increase prophylactic use of ART to prevent mother to child transmission (PMTCT).
It has already broken and now she's got it [HIV] … So, let's continue without a condom.' [Man #6, 31 years old, partner HIV-negative]Some women who planned pregnancy described risking horizontal transmission with her partner in order to conceive; in some cases, the decision to take the risk was made by the negative partner.
While companies like Uber and Waymo are taking more of a vertical approach, Voyage is taking a horizontal approach that entails partnering with other companies in the space.
Through the prevention of unintended pregnancy, integrated services are likely to benefit maternal and child health, increase primary prevention of vertical transmission, and decrease incidence of conception-related horizontal transmission to discordant sexual partners [51].
In many infections, the first symptom people will have of their own infections is the horizontal transmission to a sexual partner or the vertical transmission of neonatal herpes to a newborn at term.
In a similar way, if one of the two proteins is 'acquired' (i.e., horizontal gene transfer), the required partner must also be acquired.
