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Mr. Brand imagined replacing the old technocratic hierarchies with horizontal information networks — a scientific vision that seemed quaintly abstract until the Internet came along.
The new operator combines the vertical information across different generations and the horizontal information from the current generation.
In contrast, Japanese innovations in management, such as just-in-time manufacturing, total quality management, and greater cross-functional coordination, have resulted in more vertical and horizontal information flow and involvement by management in decisions.
We contend that the most appropriate way forward towards the management of both diseases is designing and implementing management strategies that, on the one hand, are preventive of disease epidemics, and, on the other hand, foster horizontal information sharing, learning and collective action among the local actors in the system.
In addition, we assume that there are no horizontal information sharing and no horizontal information leakage between retailers.
He also investigated the effects of horizontal information leakage on vertical information sharing.
Similar(47)
Our method incorporates horizontal gradient information available from global maps of Total Electron Content (TEC), which are available from the International GNSS Service IGSS) on a routine basis.
Another hypothesis proposes that electric fields induced by locomotor movements should be detected by vertically oriented ampullary canals and centrally integrated with horizontal vestibular information to provide a compass sense [27].
Similar to horizontal substitution, information about referrals and task delegation are used to measure vertical substitution.
The effectiveness of a second novel lighting solution designed to provide low-level ambient illumination together with enhanced horizontal plane information to a person while walking was tested using the GAITRite© Mat (CIR systems, Havertown, PA).
In our assays, visual cues appear within, or move through, the binocular visual field, potentially enabling the animal to use horizontal disparity information to estimate target distance (and therefore size).
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