As examples, Salesforce, Hubspot and Dropbox are big horizontal industry-agnostic ventures.
Support was found for horizontal (intra-industry) productivity spillovers and vertical (inter-industry) technology spillovers from foreign firms in upstream sectors to local firms in downstream sectors in the case of Kenya and Zimbabwe.
All these instruments are complementary and important for strengthening horizontal science-industry linkages.
When it comes to establishing efficiency effects from foreign direct investment, the literature gives two general outcomes: (1) horizontal or inter-industry effects and (2) vertical or intra-industry effects.
Bars above the horizontal axis show industries that added jobs, and bars below the axis show industries that lost jobs.
He said that Emergence is very "thematic oriented" and that though it has been SaaS and cloud and horizontal applications and industries from the outset, it now plans to focus on a couple of related but more specific areas.
Horizontal, or cross-industry marketplaces, include MROs (maintenance, repair and operations), which aggregate vendor catalogs for supplies, and BPOs (business process outsourcers), which outsource noncore services ranging from human resources to utility bill paying.
Public clouds today feature a broad range of infrastructure services and go horizontal across all industries, because of that when it comes to large-scale vertical use cases (like automotive cloud for VW Group) the economics don't work as well," Mueller explained.
But while the value prop of the product is horizontal, there are industry-specific elements.
The Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) industry in North America has experienced a tremendous rate of growth within the last decade.
In doing so, we will draw comparisons on the variation between post and pre merger prices in relative terms resulting from a horizontal merger in a composite industry and the one in a regular industry.
