Located next to each horizontal strain gauge was another strain gauge mounted longitudinally to measure the longitudinal strain.
Samples were clamped in a horizontal position, gauge length 10 mm, and testing was conducted at a constant extension rate of 6 mm min−1.
Table 1 Data format Item Unit Speed km/h Mileage km Twist warp mm Horizontal acceleration g Gauge mm Standard mm Curvature Rad/km Normal acceleration G Height mm Track mm Super elevation mm ALD v. Track vertical irregularity refers that the track is rutted and uneven in the vertical direction along the rail lengthwise direction.
Measurements using arrays of passive horizontal mass flux gauges (fixed orientation vertical slot gauges), together with a vertical array of mass flux samplers (directional), provide estimates of sediment flux.
The SIWIS system, which consists of two vertical and one horizontal sandwiched light-gauge steel studs with "rigid-brittle" elements in the vertical members, is designed to allow infill wall frame interaction under wind loading and minor-to-moderate earthquakes for reduced building drift but to disengage them under damaging events.
The NE slope is monitored since 1998 (including 22 benchmarks, inclinometers, deformeters and piezometers) and further on from 2011 (including geodetic surveys of 25 benchmarks observed by robotic total station, measurements from 9 GPS receivers, vertical inclinometers and extensometers, long span and short span horizontal extensometers, pore pressure gauges and rain gauge).
The monitoring system was composed of the following components: wind speed and direction gauge, a horizontal rainfall (HRF) gauge, three wall mounted wind-driven rain (WDR) gauges designed and manufactured as part of this study, in-wall temperature and relative humidity probes and thermocouples for surface temperature measurements.
In a stereotaxic apparatus with the incisor bar set at −3.3 mm (relative to horizontal zero), cannulas (26 gauge) were implanted with the tip targeted at 2.5 mm posterior and 8.1 mm ventral to bregma.
The location of strain gauges and horizontal LVDTs are shown in Fig. 7.
Insert presetting on the boring-bar is carried out with the help of a portable Vee-block insert setting gauge on the horizontal boring-bar. .
A laser distance gauge connected to the horizontal displacement gauge was used for the measurement of the shape of the ridge and furrow in the cross section of the direction of the motion of a tool.
