Sentence examples for horizontal exchange from inspiring English sources

The spectrum of recently horizontally acquired sequences identified emphasizes the two driving forces of horizontal exchange: the transfer of a phenotype which alters or enhances bacterial fitness resulting in increased competitive fitness or altered niche adaptation, and the presence of a substrate for homologous recombination.

The horizontal exchange of genes seems to have started before the three kingdoms of life diverged from each other and the universal ancestor.

Because insertion of foreign DNA into bacterial chromosomes via transduction can (sometimes) be deleterious, it is natural that a counter-evolutionary force would evolve in parallel and be pervasive in horizontal exchange, highlighting the ongoing evolutionary 'arms race' confrontation between bacteria and bacterioviruses41,42.

Apart from that horizontal exchange of ideas, one major advantage of the university campus is the possible vertical exchange between students, teaching assistants, and professors.

Instead, we propose that this natural gene variation results from horizontal exchange within nearly identical Prochloron strains.

In addition, both Psg genomes contain at least 43 genes encoding integrases and resolvases, suggesting a high rate of recombination or horizontal exchange of genetic materials.

This differs from the avoidance of duplication across geographies or "nice to have" horizontal exchanges of best practices.

The network is more dispersed and less cohesive than the previous ones, and companies establish fewer, more sporadic and horizontal exchanges.

Thus, even though the default vertical transmission mode predicts congruence between ant and bacterial phylogenies [15], [45], horizontal exchanges of Pseudonocardia occur over evolutionary time and disrupt strict cocladogenesis (Cafaro et al. in preparation).

IncF plasmids negative for the blaCTX-M-15 gene in strains with this gene at a chromosomal location also suggest dynamic horizontal exchanges between the chromosome and resident plasmids.

Comparative studies of tailed bacteriophage genome sequences have shown a pervasive mosaic genetic architecture, presumably arising from extensive horizontal exchanges and non-homologous genetic recombination of ancestral sequences (see [ 3], for a review).