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Active heat production was observed the least on open and sealed honey cells.
Bees on open and sealed honey cells were similar in their close decrease of Tthorax with Tcell rim and Ta.
An increasingly higher dependence of Tthorax on Texp was observed in bees on empty and pollen cells, and even more on open and sealed honey cells (Fig. 2).
On the other hand, one-week-old bees performing tasks such as nursing or food processing handle food very often and thus have the opportunity to associatively learn different floral odors directly from the honey cells [38].
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We consider a network structure with gateways placed in a honey cell structure, where nodes move according to the RDMM (Random Direction Mobility Model).
Alternatively, replication of N. ceranae in honey bee cells may cause a decrease in the bees' ability to ward off viral infections that normally could be controlled.
In contrast, Ghashm et al. (2010) reported a different finding where they found that unfractionated honey induced cell-growth arrest of oral squamous cell carcinoma and human osteosarcoma blocked the cell cycle at the sub-G1 phase.
They also reported that unfractionated honey induced cell-growth arrest, resulting in cell cycle blockage at the sub-G1 phase.
In summary, gamma-irradiation induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis while treatment with Gelam honey promoted cell cycle progression and inhibited apoptosis.
In honey treated cell lines, morphological alteration such as nuclear shrinkage, chromatin condensation and fragmented nucleus were observed (Fig 2).
In ultraviolet (UV) B radiation study, treatment with Tualang honey to PAM212 cells can result in the reduction of the number of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 8-oxo-dG-positive cells (biomarkers of DNA damage) due to improvement in DNA repair [ 75].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com