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In addition, the multiple Coulomb scattering of protons allows obtaining a homogeneous dose distribution in the tumour with only one array of proton minibeams22.
In contrast, standard radiotherapy uses a homogeneous dose coverage of the target with the aim of depositing a lethal dose in every tumour cell.
The modulators were designed to yield homogeneous dose in a plane.
Intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT), which uses electron beams for irradiating the target directly during the surgery, has the advantage of delivering a homogeneous dose to a controlled layer of tissue.
The relative merits of implanting the prostate and margin with a modified uniform seed-loading approach to create plans with a relatively homogeneous dose distribution and a corresponding low risk of overdosing critical structures are addressed.
For this aim, an adjustable beam flattening system was designed to modify dose delivery by creating any arbitrary lateral homogeneous dose profile, using multi-foil scattering and beam wobbling systems.
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While radiation therapy is a critical component of treatment for many brain tumour patients, and is delivered in relatively homogeneous doses at this time, it is unclear if the dose is optimal and safest for all patients.
These simulations show that whatever the irradiation field considered, peak and valley entrance doses required to deliver an homogeneous irradiation dose of 100 Gy at 7.5 cm depth are less than 300 and 10 Gy respectively.
While adjuvant ablation in the case of homogeneous tumor dose would not result in a substantial change in dose metrics, outcomes may still be affected due to the concomitant biological effects of both treatment modalities.
The high-energy β particles emitted by 131I, with a range of up to 2.1 mm in water [[24]], contribute to a cross-fire effect with contributions from eight surrounding layers of follicles, which results in a more homogeneous absorbed dose distribution, and only about 11% of the mean absorbed dose originates from the follicle itself.
In order to keep homogeneous junction dose at all depths, the matching field edges must be parallel to each other.
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