Six criteria have been identified: importance of herd immunity or herd protection, ability to delimit epidemiological units, homogeneity of transmission probability across sub-populations, population's acceptability of randomisation, availability of logistical resources, and estimated sample size.
Genetic differentiation between male and female subsamples was estimated by using FST and tested using exact probability homogeneity tests.
The choice of location of the two samples may have caused a violation in the assumption of the homogeneity of capture probability which may have resulted in different definitions of MSM or in less individuals being captured.
As an alternative measure for the homogeneity of a probability distribution the Shannon entropy is discussed in the Methods section, where the motif's entropy is used to characterize the degree of flexibility or specialization of a given motif Γ i [ 26].
This method consists of three elements – the basic probability functions, homogeneity tests and composite frequency functions.
Its application assumes first-order homogeneity, that is, the probability of colors is assumed to be uniform across the map.
For differentiating between all malignant and benign lesions, the following three texture features were selected: homogeneity, grey-level max probability and grey-level sum average, which achieved an AUC of 0.81.
Finally, we apply the Shannon entropy [ 32] to our data set to describe the qualitative differences in homogeneity of the motifs' probability distributions and develop a measure for functional specialization.
Haralick et al. defined 10 grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLC M enhancement features (energy, maximum probability, contrast, homogeneity, entropy, correlation, sum average, sum variance, difference average and difference variance) to describe texture [ 30], and these features were used to characterise lesions with and without mass effect.
PERMISP probabilities of homogeneity of dispersion were also given for significant factors Pairwise comparisons of levels of the significant main factors revealed that, for the geographic regions, there were significant differences between the North and the other two zones (Center and South), which were not different among themselves (Table 4).
