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while the long homing time [17] makes it tedious to switch from device to keyboard/mouse to access different modes.
The comparative analysis of the modified PN algorithms with the traditional PN law showed that the new guidance laws guarantee shorter homing time requirements and larger capture area.
Median homing time was calculated for each release across all bees returning on the same day.
Bees returning on the next day were excluded from the homing time analysis, but not from the homing rate analysis.
They found no difference in homing success or homing time between different directions close to the hive [24], [25], consistent with our results.
In all four directions, there was a negative linear relationship between homing rate and distance, and a positive relationship between homing time and distance (Figs. 3 and 4).
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The homing times for close distances up to 1500 m were similar in all directions.
However, the homing times were always much higher than expected at the usual travel speed of a bee.
Homing times, e.g. from the 3000 m spots, varied between 78 min from the east and 280 min from the south.
Fig. 6 shows the terrain of the release spots up to 3000 m from the hive, and compares the southern homing times to those measured for the other directions.
When released on the opposite side of the lake, however, homing times increase drastically from an average of 52±12 min at 1480 m to 193±25 min at 1870 m; an almost fourfold increase in time, while the distance is only 400 m further.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com