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In the east, the maximum homing rate was recorded at 1000 m, from where all bees returned.
Bees returning on the next day were excluded from the homing time analysis, but not from the homing rate analysis.
We found that homing rate, homing speed and the maximum homing distance depend on the release direction.
Further, in a set of data that did not include females killed on adjacent haulouts, the homing rate was 92% or greater for all age classes.
In all four directions, there was a negative linear relationship between homing rate and distance, and a positive relationship between homing time and distance (Figs. 3 and 4).
The homing rate for each release spot was determined as the number of returning bees divided by the number of released bees.
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On a medium scale, up to about 4000 m, the homing rates from the eastern releases are much higher than from the other directions (Fig. 3).
In a flat, featureless experimental area, where the maximum homing distance was 5600 m, they found no difference between the homing rates in the four directions, probably due to the missing panoramic cues.
There was a significant difference between the best-fit lines for the homing rates from the east and the pooled data from west, north and south (linear regression; slopes: f = 4.958, DFn = 1, DFd = 32, p = 0.033).
This would also explain the lower homing rates from the other directions: flying west towards the next mountain from those release sites would only take the bees further away from the hive.
Figure 3 shows that the best-fit lines for the homing rates from west, north and south do not differ significantly from each other (linear regression; slopes: f = 0.012, DFn = 2, DFd = 18, p = 0.988; elevations & intercepts: f = 0.059, DFn = 2, DFd = 20, p = 0.943).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com