Some immigrants may be stronger in English, though far behind their peers in both languages, if their home literacy in Spanish is poor.
Additional file 1: Home literacy environment initial item pool.
(DOCX 11 kb) Additional file 3: Home literacy environment questionnaire.
But their proficiency in Spanish was related to both home literacy support and school instruction.
(DOCX 30 kb) Additional file 2: Instructions and operational definitions of the home literacy environment dimensions.
Parental beliefs about literacy is an important dimension of home literacy environment.
Although there are studies on the home literacy environments in the Indian context (Sharma and Saini, 2000; Khurana and Rao, 2008), there are no studies on the home literacy environment of Tamil-speaking children from middle socioeconomic status.
Although there have been studies on bilingual children's home literacy environment, there are very few studies about the bilingual home literacy environment in the Indian context, especially in Tamil-speaking children.
The various dimensions of home literacy environment were described, and items related to each dimension were listed.
In this study, home literacy environment is a single construct with five dimensions as the different substantive areas.
Therefore, an attempt was made to develop a questionnaire to evaluate the home literacy environment of these children.
