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To improve the environmental sustainability of hollow unit reinforced masonry low-rise structures in hurricane or earthquake-prone regions, it is reasonable to use squat walls with horizontal reinforcement in the form of steel mesh.
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The officials pledged to avoid mistakes of past force reductions, when the Army fielded what were called "hollow" units without enough people and equipment to actually carry out their missions.
In order to provide limitations for the use of hollow units with large hole volume ratio and thin shells and webs in seismic areas, a measure to define the qualitative term "sufficient robustness", specified in Eurocode 8, should be found.
In typical precast construction practice of floor slabs using precast concrete hollow core unit (HCU), in-situ concrete is cast on top of the HCU to obtain smooth and even floor finish.
A relatively large database of masonry specimens tested in laboratories across Europe was established and used for the estimation of fragility functions for unreinforced masonry walls built from hollow clay units, which are the most common type of masonry units for the construction of new buildings in Europe.
A hollow cylindrical unit-cell model is considered.
Results demonstrate that a major composite action is valid between the hollow-core unit and the topping slab under load levels corresponding to uncracked state of the cross section.
This novel 3D hierarchical SnS product owns 1 5 times higher specific surface area, unique hollow nanostructure units with rich mesopores inside the shells, and scattering-enhanced absorption in UV vis light region, as against those previously reported micro-scale tin sulfide 3D hierarchitectures assembled by nanopetals, nanosheets, nanorods, nanobelts, etc.
Horizontal shear strength at the interface between hollow-core unit and topping slab was determined (1) through limited number of pushoff load tests and (2) through calculations considering the load level corresponding to initiation of significant relative slip using the basic mechanics of materials approach and the simplified code expression.
The experimental part of the study included load testing of five precast concrete hollow-core units.
Existence of a topping slab resulted in improvements in the cracking moment and initial stiffness of hollow-core units.
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