After concatenating these DCT-based holistic and local facial features, the enhanced Fisher linear discriminant model (EFM) has been employed to generate a low-dimensional feature vector.
Zhou and Yang [20] have proposed fusing feature Fisher classifier (F3C) approach where the face image is first divided into smaller subimages and then the discrete cosine transform (DCT) technique is applied to the whole image and some subimages to extract the holistic and local facial features.
Holistic processing binds the facial features to their spatial arrangement and the external contour of the face to produce a single integrated face percept (Sergent, 1984).
Face perception is widely believed to involve integration of facial features into a holistic perceptual unit, but the mechanisms underlying this integration are relatively unknown.
To test the hypothesis of a qualitative modulation of face processes following visual experience in adulthood, we measured the face composite effect [10] as a marker of the integration of facial features, i.e. holistic face perception.
They proposed that the missing inversion effect resulted from the use of an alternative, non-holistic processing strategy in which the distances between facial features were treated as features in their own right.
In previous studies documenting the misalignment-driven attenuation of holistic face processing, the disruption to the configuration of the facial features has been confounded with a potential disruption to the perceptual grouping of the parts.
Experiments using words and faces have found an advantage for identifying whole objects over isolated parts (letters and facial features), which has been taken as evidence for holistic processing, but the effects are not large enough to rule out a solely parts-based process [7], [8].
The right hemisphere is supposed to process facial information on a more holistic basis, whereas the left hemisphere seems to be more dedicated to the analysis of facial features [63].
Of note is the ability of such cues to impact holistic face perception even when the face parts themselves are aligned, and thus the configuration of the facial features is intact.
