An effective, holistic approach to disaster risk reduction must be people-centred and take into account gender inequality and the vital role women play in building community resilience.
This kind of integration combines insight from multiple data sources and platforms to provide a holistic response to disaster situations.
A holistic approach of disaster preparedness and management is very much needed, which will help enhance the well-being of citizens and their active involvement of urban life.
Our adapted framework proved useful in helping systematize data collection and analysis that allowed a holistic picture of disaster vulnerability to emerge.
Carreño (2015) provides detailed information related to the evaluation process and to the obtained results for the holistic evaluation of disaster risk, including the analysis for each district in the city.
Since 2001 the authors have been working on the holistic approach for disaster risk assessment and have developed and applied evaluation methodologies and metrics for this objective (Cardona 2001, 2004a, b, 2011; Carreño 2006; Carreño et al. 2007b).
Carreño et al. discuss their holistic model for disaster risk assessment that integrates physical risk, socioeconomic fragility and addresses frequent lack of resilience by testing its application to the city of Manizales, Colombia.
In future studies, it would be useful to include additional variables to examine a more holistic representation of disaster resilience in the region, such as variables on ecological indicators, infrastructural characteristics, local government policies, and community connectedness.
