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Ventilation pattern is designed as holed surface on the cast that improves the hygienic outcome during fracture healing and generates the lightweight structure (Fig. 6b).
In spite of the lightweight and holed surface, high strength is present in the structure to resist the unusual mechanical impact.
A cast model is designed as a holed surface pattern with a flare on the lower edge near the elbow for the consideration of ventilation and wearer-friendly features (Fig. 2 ).
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This paper presents a general and unified model which predicts tool – workpiece engagement, chip geometry, cutting forces, chatter stability and hole surface errors simultaneously.
Moreover, the cracking at rail-ends, which starts from bolt hole surface, causes premature rails replacement.
Based on above analyses, initiation of hole surface damages and damage formation mechanisms are further discussed.
In these cases, the filling level of the via hole and the planarity of the dielectric polymer at the via hole surface was improved compared to via holes that were filled by inkjet printing.
The method will give the possibility to reduce the zone of the hole surface subject to negligible residual radial stresses, obtaining also compressive residual circumferential stresses on the entire hole surface.
And for one-shot drill bit, it is the secondary cutting edge that directly determines hole surface quality.
It was discovered that there is a direct relationship between micro-hole surface roughness, the burr-like recast layer at the top surface and material removal rate.
In applications of some components, the inner hole surface will serve as the working surface that suffers severe frictional or erosive wear.
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