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Threshold linearity and variation has been measured for both electron and hole collection.
The threshold dispersion is measured to 365 e− for hole collection.
These improvement is found to arise from more rapid hole transport combined with reduced recombination, contributing to improved hole collection.
This can lead to an increased transport barrier adversely affecting the hole collection and thus the FF.
The tailored "photonic electrode" nanostructure is used for light management in the device and for hole collection.
The large specific surface area facilitated the hole collection from the perovskite to carbon layer, correspondingly decreased the charge transfer resistance at the perovskite/carbon interface.
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The architecture of the transit hall is to provide an above-ground landmark that will help travelers find what is now a gopher-hole collection of subway entrances.
It has been reported that an increased surface roughness of the buffer layer as well as an enlarged interface area of PEDOT PSS/P3HT PCBM lead to shortening of the hole-extraction route and enhancement of the hole-collection efficiency by the anode [15, 22, 25].
Figure 2 Signal flow of down-hole data collection and encoding.
The mechanism of OSCs involves the formation of excitons under illumination, the diffusion of excitons to the donor-acceptor interface, the dissociation of excitons into electrons and holes, and the collection of electrons and holes at opposite electrodes.
Hernandez told me, "He will say, 'There seems to be a hole in that collection.
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