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Thus, he is a eudaimonist in that he holds virtue is indispensable to happiness; but he does not identify virtuous activity, in whole or in part, with happiness.
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Even if they held virtue in more esteem, the Cyrenaics would nonetheless not be eudaimonists since they deny that happiness is the end of life.
While Plato and Aristotle maintain that virtue is constitutive of happiness, Epicurus holds that virtue is the only means to achieve happiness, where happiness is understood as a continuous experience of the pleasure that comes from freedom from pain and from mental distress.
Since Kant holds moral virtue to be a trait grounded in moral principle, the boundary between non-moral and moral virtues could not be more sharp.
Ockham's example of a consequence holding immediately in virtue of an extrinsic middle is 'Only a man is a donkey, therefore every donkey is a man', which holds in virtue of this general rule: 'an exclusive and a universal with transposed terms signify the same and are convertible'.
Hutcheson holds that virtue and beauty are not qualities of the people and things to which they are attributed.
An entailment is complete (perfecta) when it holds in virtue of the logical form (complexio) of the propositions involved.
On their view, logic is concerned with validity simpliciter, not just validity that holds in virtue of a limited set of "logical forms".
Rather, it states a fact that holds in virtue of other facts facts about the meanings of ß's constituents and their mode of combination.
On this picture, emergence is seen as a brute supervenience relation which holds in virtue of emergent laws, which are fundamental laws.
Perhaps the most obvious model to explain such constitutive claims is to hold that the relevant necessity is analytic, it holds in virtue of the meaning of the relevant term or concept.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com