For the youngest humpback whales we see in Maui waters, a dive time of 60 to 90 seconds is typical, but as the season progresses and calves mature, breath-holding time extends to three or four minutes.
The effects of pressure, temperature and pressure-holding time on the extraction yield and viscosity of pectin were investigated.
Optimum process parameters for a six-log cycle reduction of B. cereus spores were obtained: pressure, 540.0 MPa; temperature, 71 °C; and pressure-holding time, 16.8 min.
A 2-factor 3-level design, following a single-factor experiment, was carried out to optimize the extraction parameters and the optimal conditions of UHP extraction were determined as pressure 500 MPa, temperature 55 °C, pressure-holding time 10 min.
The results showed that pressure-induced germination was maximal (62%) after a treatment at 200 MPa and 20 °C and increased with pressure-holding time and post-pressurization incubation time.
A central composite experimental design with three factors (pressure, pressure-holding time, and post-pressurization incubation time) using response surface methodology was used to optimize the germination rate in distilled water and in skim milk.
RSM experiment was executed using central composite design (CCD) with the association of independent factors of pressure (MPa), temperature (°C), and pressure-holding time (min) and results were assessed by second order polynomial equation.
A central composite experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of pressure (300 500 MPa), temperature (30 50 °C), and pressure-holding time (10 30 min) on the inactivation of spores in distilled water and skim milk.
The total stress-holding time until rupture in the creep fatigue test was shorter than one-tenth of the rupture life in the simple creep test, and the rupture life of the specimen in the creep fatigue test was shorter than half of that in the simple fatigue test.
Based on a central composite experimental design, the effects of five factors: pH (4.6 6.6), sodium chloride (NaCl, 0 10%), sodium nitrite (NaNO2, 0 152 ppm), pressure (P, 300 600 MPa) and pressure-holding time (t, 0 10 min) on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by high hydrostatic pressure processing on a simulated meat medium (SMM) were evaluated and quantified.
In this work, the rate of spore germination of B. sporothermodurans LTIS27 was measured in distilled water after high-pressure treatments with varying pressure (50 600 MPa), treatment temperature (20 50 °C), pressure-holding time (5 30 min) and post-pressurization incubation time (30 120 min) at 37 °C or 4 °C.
