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We here proposed a new equation in which the holding step was considered.
The authors may estimate the fracture stress intensity factor Upp/Ut incorrectly by ignoring the effect of holding step in indentation load-displacement curves when evaluating the plastic-to-total energy ratio.
Following amplification program was used: one denaturation step of 15 min at 95°C; followed by 40 cycles of RT-qPCR with three-step amplification (15 s at 95°C for denaturation, 30 s at 60°C for annealing and 30 s at 72°C for elongation) and a final holding step of 1 min at 60°C.
The incubation profile was 16 cycles at 95 °C for 30 s, 50 °C for 60 min and a final holding step at 4 °C for 10 min.
The PCR amplification program consisted of an initial holding step of 10 min at 95°C, followed by a two-step cycle of 15 s at 95°C and 1 min at 57°C for 40 cycles.
For fluorescence signal acquisition, time and temperature profile were set as follow: holding step at 95°C for 15 minutes for enzyme activation, 40 cycles starting in denaturation step at 95°C for 10 seconds, annealing at 58°C for 10 seconds and lastly extension step at 72°C for another 10 seconds.
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We employ the induction principle on time scales (Lemma 1.5) to show that holds step by step.
These enzyme mixtures were then supplemented with twice desalted Cellic® CTec2 from Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark) after the initial 24-h high temperature hold step.
For thermal denaturation, the samples were heated from 20°C to 75°C with stepwise increment of 0.5°C per minute and a 30 s hold step for every point, followed by the fluorescence reading.
We initially used a high temperature enzyme loading of about 15% of the total enzyme loading to test the efficacy of the high temperature hold step at a low solids loading.
Employing a higher operating temperature hold step will enable thermophilic enzymes to be added earlier in the process, resulting in both time savings and improved conversion efficiency compared to using current mesophilic, commercial enzyme cocktails.
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