Both Karl Jaspers (1961) and Hannah Arendt (1987), as well H. D. Lewis (1948), were clearly concerned in their writings on collective responsibility about whether or not the German people can legitimately be held collectively responsible for World War II Nazi crimes.
Again, the land in question does not go to individuals but is held collectively.
"These defendants targeted children and young teenagers to hold and transport the firearms of individual gang members and guns held collectively by the gang.
*The Allies should declare that if the genocide continued and the German masses did not rise to stop it, the German people would be held collectively responsible.
Members of any other such group are held collectively responsible for any injury suffered at the hands of the members of that group.
Because so much of Russia's agricultural land is still held collectively, agricultural productivity is far below the standards of most other countries.
Protests against the play's representation of Jews gained momentum after 1965, following the Second Vatican Council's declaration that Jews should no longer be held collectively and perpetually responsible for the death of Jesus.
When self-deceptive beliefs such as these are held collectively, they become entrenched and their consequences, good or bad, are magnified (Surbey 2004).
Hence, Kovach finds it necessary to insist that if individuals are to be held collectively responsible for group harms that they be understood as having "acted out the view of themselves as group members" or as having "performed" the group identity.
His administration has never backed any campus events celebrating religious diversity, all held collectively by about a dozen religious student groups on campus and organized by the MultiFaith Student Council.
Paradoxically, even at this economic Round Table, I was defending liberal solutions against some populist trends in the Solidarity camp, like Ryszard Bugaj, who wanted some properties held collectively by workers rather than being made tradable.
