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Estimated-date-of-infection was defined as a function of the likelihood of the HIV source and timing of sexual contact with the suspected source.
Firstly, it is possible that older MSM had longer durations of exposure to HIV source.
On the other hand, a recent epidemic caused by a single HIV source displays a low heterogeneity of spreading HIV variants [ 27].
By Shantha Bloemen PORT MORESBY, Papua New Guinea, 16 January 2006 – The HIV/AIDS epidemic in this country is taking a growing toll on children: Around 11,000 Papuan children are currently living with HIV (source: UNICEF Papua New Guinea office).
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Therefore, identification of the different HIV sources within the MGT is critical for more efficient control of HIV transmission.
Patients who had CD4 count and WHO clinical stage information were compared with those who had none using Pearson χ trend tests and significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between different patient sources of HIV testing source (Table 1).
Univariate associations between predictors and time to referral were examined using Chi square for categorical variables (gender, age category, race/ethnicity, region of origin, reason for LTBI therapy, HIV serostatus, source of referral), and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for non-normally distributed continuous variables (age, TST size).
For all studies, we extracted the following data from original publications: first author and year of publication; distribution of genotypes for each polymorphism among cases and controls; characteristics of the study design and the study population (study base, numbers and mean age of cases and controls, TB diagnosis, HIV status, source of controls, matching criteria and host ethnicity).
Age group, gender, marital status and HIV testing source were considered independent variables in the analysis.
The model was built in a step-wise fashion, initially including HIV testing source and potential confounders showing a strong association with the outcome (p < 0.1) in univariable analysis.
HIV-1's high mutational capacity has allowed the use of sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, particularly of the envelope gene [2], [3], to objectively identify HIV-1 source partners and to investigate patterns of HIV-1 transmission.
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