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Co-receptor tropism of any given HIV isolate is closely associated with disease progression.
A genotype of his pretreatment HIV isolate collected on January 14 showed sensitivity to all antiretroviral agents.
The HIV-1 gag gene used in these studies was from the cloned South African HIV isolate Du422 which has been used as the basis for South African HIV-1 subtype C vaccines (European Collection of Cell Cultures provisional accession no. 01032114; GenBank accession. AF544010) [ 3, 4].
We also thank the NIH AIDS Reference Reagent Program for the HIV isolate and plasmids used in these studies (see methods).
The PhenoSense assay measures the concentration of the anti-HIV drug required to inhibit the replication rate of an HIV isolate by 50%; i.e. the drug's IC50 value.
For all drugs, susceptibility was defined as an HIV isolate with <4.0-fold change in IC50 (determined by VIRCOGEN™ [Tibotec-Virco NV, Mechelen, Belgium], a virtual phenotype assay) in comparison to the control virus.
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This diversity has been studied and used to categorize HIV isolates into subtypes or clades, which are geographically distinct.
We show here that a rare "glycan hole" at the V2 apex is enriched in HIV isolates neutralized by inferred precursors of prototype V2-apex bnAbs.
The study analyzed the genetic sequences of HIV isolated from 858 men and women, all between 16 and 35 years old, who belonged to the same sexual networks.
Haynes and his collaborators will also explore why some HIV isolates transmit more readily, the structure of anti-HIV antibodies that work best, and why some vaccines work in monkey experiments.
It is surprising, that 5 to 10% of HIV patients eventually develop high titers of "broadly neutralizing" serum antibodies that neutralize a diverse panel of HIV isolates (see the figure, part A).
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