Hitherto, studies on polyploidy mechanism were conducted on natural and resynthesized B. napus using proteomic, transcriptome, and cytogenetic analyses [ 6, 10, 29, 31, 39, 43].
In processing of the T-RFLP data, cluster analysis [ 34, 36, 37], which hitherto studies have frequently applied did not seem to work when applied to five groups in this study.
No study has hitherto studied the relative accuracy or safety of the two techniques.
Hollandite-type compounds have hitherto studied as the one-dimensional fast ionic conductor [1, 2, 3], as the nuclear waste immobilizers [4, 5] and as NO x reduction catalysts [6, 7].
Plant RBRs have not been hitherto studied as a whole, but the available data suggest that the evolutionary dynamics of this family in plants may be very different from that described in animals.
This taxon is rather unrelated to taxa with hitherto studied hydrogenosomes.
Other studies have examined spatial effects in signalling which had been hitherto studied in purely temporal settings: these include studies of spatial effects in oscillating systems (Hes1 and p53-Mdm2) [ 4] and MAPK cascades [ 21].
In contrast to the hitherto studied freestanding thin polymer films, the films we study are characterized by lifetimes on the order of 1 day, while reaching thicknesses on the 10 nm scale.
RNA-sequencing, which provides potentially phylogenetically informative genes (Wang et al. 2009) and has been successfully used in several deep phylogenomic studies (Kocot et al. 2011; Fernández et al. 2014; Weigert et al. 2014), requires high-quality RNA for library construction (table 3) which was not available for most of the hitherto studied glycerid specimens.
Hitherto, most studies by economists had found mergers to be modestly value-creating on average.A series of studies of American firms stretching back to the 1950s had found that merger announcements led to an increase in the combined value of the acquirer and its target of around 5%, with most of the increase going to the selling shareholders.
Hitherto, most studies have focused on annual crops and the available information on the impacts of landscape structure in orchards is sparse.
