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While the majority of the hitherto characterized pre-mRNA splicing defects, involved in heritable disorders, reside in the donor- and acceptor-splice sites, recent studies have documented several mutations with a very complex splicing outcome [11], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22].
A few halotolerant bacterial chitinases have been hitherto characterized, key examples being described by Konagaya et al. (2006) and LeClair et al. (2007).
All hitherto characterized members of the DyP-type peroxidase family contain non-covalently bound heme as cofactor (Sturm et al. 2006; Sugano et al. 2007; Zubieta et al. 2007a, b).
Since all hitherto characterized group II phages contain numerous genes for transposases and homing endonucleases as well as similar repeat regions, it cannot be excluded that these phages are genetically unstable.
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Together these findings provide novel data on quaternary structure, TA interactions and activity of a hitherto poorly characterized family of TA modules.
The internal control miR-145 and the hitherto best characterized miRNA relevant for the cardiovascular system, miR-21, were analyzed by Northern blotting (Figure 1B and 1C), which confirmed the data of the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and previous publications [11], [18], [24].
One of these would be a screening approach of hitherto little characterized compounds in multiple test systems.
Single-crystal neutron diffraction, ab initio calculations and Raman spectroscopy are applied to understand the structure and hydrogen bonding of ammonium carbonate monohydrate, a hitherto poorly characterized substance, particularly in relation to other ammonium-bearing compounds.
ATAO1, the only AtCuAO isoform characterized hitherto, has also been predicted to be an extracellular protein [ 17].
Indeed, for compounds of MW>4000, the permeability profile is very similar to that of bovine and porcine CECs, hitherto the best characterized in vitro BBB models.
However, as the protein interactions between mitochondria and nucleus have hitherto been poorly characterized, the completeness and informativeness of this set remains unclear [ 28].
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