Historically, repeat coverage enabled change detection and study of landscape evolution.
In general, plate coupling is believed to be strong and the background seismicity is known to have been very low in the along-strike segment for other megathrust earthquakes (e.g., Kanamori, 1977; Lay et al., 1982): the 1960 Chile, the 2004 Sumatra, and the historically-repeating Nankai trough megathrust earthquakes in southwest Japan such as the 1707 Hoei earthquake (e.g., Okano and Kimura, 1979).
(7) The ground displacements produced by the reverse-fault motion are correlated with elevation, possibly suggesting that reverse-fault motions on the North Bohol fault have repeated historically and have contributed to the development of the present-day topography. .
The coseismic slip motion is quite consistent with the orientation of the long-term cumulative displacement, supporting the idea that the normal fault motions have repeated historically on the Yunotake fault, and have contributed to the development of the present-day topography.
In contrast to the three interplate thrust earthquakes, the fourth (Fig. 3d) is the 762 (or 841) inland earthquake, roughly as large as Mw 8, along the Itoigawa Shizuoka Tectonic Line, which may have repeated historically (Okumura 2001; Kondo et al. 2008); herein, we call this the ISTL earthquake.
Historically, satellite repeat times were 35-46 days (ERS, ENVISAT-ASAR, ALOS-PALSAR, Table 1) with actual measurement frequency being even lower in areas with seasonal snow cover or flooding and for instruments with limited power and acquisition strategy that did not prioritise volcanic hazard.
Historically, the southeastern United States has experienced repeated epidemics of yellow fever and malaria.
A key source of evidence that present-day selection can override historically contingent effects comes from the repeated evolution of similar adaptations in different taxa.
A military that has historically taken a prominent role in politics, has staged repeated coups and, as recently as 2007, has warned Parliament about whom they should and should not elect as president, could always strike again.
Due to the fire-resistance of large pine trees, repeated fires combined with other disturbances have historically created and maintained relatively open structurally complex stands consisting of multiple age cohorts of trees (Kuuluvainen and Aakala 2011).
