Historically assessed with arterial pressure, it has never been formally evaluated so far.
Problem: Pediatric cochlear implant recipients have been historically assessed postoperatively with audiometric testing in a soundproof booth by trained audiologists.
The above comparison of Experiments 2 and 3 provides new evidence that contrast overlay masking, though historically assessed using static stimuli, may actually be considerably stronger in the presence of motion.
Nevertheless, the macaque model is well suited to determine the efficacy of existing vaccines (historically assessed in cynomolgus macaques) and treatment strategies (historically tested in rhesus macaques) against the currently circulating EBOV-Makona strain in West Africa.
This framework serves as a tool for comparatively and historically assessing how Olympic migration has evolved over time in terms of intensity, diversity, and direction.
Bone mass has historically been assessed as areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
Historically, studies assessing the utility of adding oral anticoagulants (OACs) have not demonstrated a clinical benefit with regard to acceptable bleeding risk.
Historically, to assess quality (i.e., internal validity or risk of bias) of trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies, we have applied predefined criteria that are based on those used by the US Preventive Services Task Force and the (UK) National Health Service Centre for Reviews and Dissemination [ 17, 18].
On the other hand, rationality is a methodological concept which is historically relative: in assessing the rationality of the choices made by the past scientists, we have to study the aims, standards, methods, alternative theories and available evidence accepted within the scientific community at that time (cf. Doppelt, 1983, Laudan, 1987; Niiniluoto 1999).
Accordingly, in approaches testing for statistically significant evolution of phenotype by natural selection, gross phenotypic difference has historically been precisely the signal assessed (Lande 1976, 1977; Lande and Arnold, 1983; Lynch 1990; Turelli et al. 1988; Charlesworth 1984).
Historically, subgingival oral microbiome was predominantly assessed by a checkerboard hybridization technique revealing signals from approx. 40 species (for review, see [ 54]).
