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Thus, the combination of home-production with non-homothetic preferences allows us to account for the historical reduction in paid hours.
A historical reduction in population size will also have generated an excess of amino acid substitutions in divergence [ 33].
Fu and Li's D* is designed to detect an excess of old mutations, characteristic of a population that has experienced a historical reduction in effective population size [ 42, 102].
Bonus type in this model was not found to be a significant factor, suggesting that the historical reduction in hospital productivity was not caused by switches in bonus system and that bonus switches failed to improve hospital productivity.
Although both Fs and R2 tests could not effectively tell the causes of bottleneck or expansion, Fu and Li's D* [ 42] tests were not significant (P > 0.05) for these populations, suggesting that there were no historical reduction in effective population size in these regions.
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Most people would think such reductions, in both dollar and head-count terms, make sense.Not to Mr Boot, who takes a look at historical reductions in forces in his article "Overspending the Peace Dividend".
The program BOTTLENECK has been shown to more accurately detect recent signatures of declines in effective population size (Beebee and Rowe 2001), whereas the recovery time of the M-ratio suggests that this test is more indicative of historical reductions (Garza and Williamson 2001) that persisted for a comparatively longer duration (Williamson-Natesan 2005).
Patricia Churchland (1986, Chapter 7), Clifford Hooker (1981), Berent Enç (1983), and other philosophers of science have described historical intertheoretic reductions where a given reduced concept is multiply realized at the reducing level.
Historical risk-reduction strategies include: use of antimicrobial impregnated CVL, CVL insertion tray designed to facilitate total barrier technique compliance, and use of 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate and 70% alcohol solution (0.5% CHG) for site prep.
The low haplotype diversity and lack of strong phylogeographic structure within B. nympha suggest that the species may have undergone a historical bottleneck or reduction in range.
Permeable pavement constitutive properties integrated with measured PM loads and a year of continuous rainfall-runoff simulation illustrate k reduction with historical loadings.
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